5/1/2024 0 Comments Massive melons in action![]() ![]() In the last decade, much attention has been focused on several molecular drug targets with the potential to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. Moreover, activation of inflammatory pathways in hepatocytes is sufficient to cause both local as well as systemic insulin resistance. Proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have also been shown to be responsible for developing metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and activation of immune response in liver, adipose tissue, and muscle. Furthermore, inflammatory cells such as macrophages infiltration are also increased in adipose tissues. Increased concentration and expression of TNF- α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are evident in adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance. Recently, adipose tissues are considered as an endocrine organ which secretes numerous fat and glucose regulating hormones, adipokines, and cytokines like adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α). Adipocyte dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the various complications associated with obesity. Consequently, obesity and related cardiovascular complications are also increasing alarmingly both in developed and developing countries. High body fat increases the risk of several diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, which may lead to arteriosclerotic disease and metabolic syndrome. According to guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO), overweight in adults is defined by body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 to 29.9, and obesity is defined by a BMI of 30.0 or higher. Obesity can be defined as increased energy intake than energy expenditure which ultimately results in fat deposition and weight gain. These genetic factors thus explain the failure of exercise and dietary regime to bring about long-term weight loss in some individuals. However, genetic factors contribute to the variation of adiposity in approximately 40–70% of a population. Recent evidences suggest that high fat diet, which is also characteristic of cafeteria type diet, as well as sedentary life style are two contributory factors for increased trends of obese people among the nations. Elements that cause obesity involve metabolism, several genetic factors, diet, and physical activity, as well as the sociocultural surroundings that characterize the modern day living. Global survey data also indicate that the prevalence of both male and female overweight and obesity varies by region and has rapidly increased in recent years. ![]() ![]() It has been estimated that 58% of world population will become obese by 2030. The prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and has become one of the world's most serious public health problems. This review will thus focus on the recent findings on beneficial effect of Momordica charantia extracts on metabolic syndrome and discuss its potential mechanism of actions. These beneficial effects are mediated probably by inducing lipid and fat metabolizing gene expression and increasing the function of AMPK and PPARs, and so forth. Recent scientific evaluation of this plant extracts also showed potential therapeutic benefit in diabetes and obesity related metabolic dysfunction in experimental animals and clinical studies. The fruits extract of bitter melon showed strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in experimental condition both in vivo and in vitro. Bitter melon is widely used as vegetables in daily food in Bangladesh and several other countries in Asia. Complementary and alternative medicines have been used since ancient era for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are becoming epidemic both in developed and developing countries in recent years.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |